Nuclear energy is one of the most complex and misunderstood forms of energy production amongst the public due to events such as Chernobyl and Fukushima. However, as nuclear energy emerges as a critical option for carbon-free power, meeting net-zero goals, and enhancing energy security for countries and corporations alike, it is essential that we become better informed about both its benefits and challenges. Dispelling misunderstandings is key to having a balanced, fact-based conversation about nuclear’s role in the future energy mix.
Nuclear Energy
At its core, nuclear energy is generated through a process called nuclear fission—splitting uranium atoms to release heat. This heat is then transferred via a cooling agent to produce steam, which drives turbines that generate electricity.
According to National Geographic, "As of 2011, about 15 percent of the world's electricity is generated by nuclear power plants."
Additionally, the energy process has become increasingly popular that some countries fuel most of their population with nuclear energy (such as France, Slovakia, Ukraine, and Belgium) .
Pros
One of the cleanest sources of energy, despite what you might think. Cooling towers in plants only emit water vapor, not radioactive material or polluters.
Nuclear power plants require significantly less fuel
Public Health: Although there is an increased exposure of nuclear waste, studies by ACS publications, show that it has saved a significant amount of lives when compared to fossil fuel production
Cons
The usage of nuclear energy is strongly associated with nuclear weaponry
Nuclear waste comprises of poisonous chemicals such as uranium pellets and plutonium
Most expensive forms of energy because they require substantial upfront investment, and take on an average of five years to construct.
My Take
I am open to nuclear energy options, as long as more safety regulations are established. It's clear that the nuclear energy is actually cleaner than most of us believe. I think we reasonably base our perception of nuclear energy around the disasters such as Chernobyl and close ourselves from the benefits it brings. That said, safety is a policy that I take very seriously, so how can we still find a way for more people to be comfortable with nuclear power plants?
The key challenge is finding ways to help more people feel comfortable with the idea of nuclear power plants. One promising solution is the adoption of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). As their name suggests, SMRs are smaller than traditional nuclear reactors, which inherently reduces the risks associated with nuclear waste and potential accidents. Their compact size, passive safety systems, simplified designs, and reliance on gravity and convection for cooling all contribute to a safer and more manageable nuclear energy option. When it comes to cost, SMRs and regular nuclear reactors differ in that SMRs have a lower upfront cost. Combined with the fact that the size of SMRs helps to accelerate construction, the benefits in cost, time, and safety all show how we can safely implement nuclear energy in our countries.
By seeing projects like TerraPower, NuScale Power, and Kairos Power, it's clear that these advancements are already attracting interest from more countries and investors, signaling a shift in how nuclear energy is viewed globally.
Ultimately, by embracing new technologies like SMRs and implementing stringent safety protocols, we can address public concerns and unlock the full potential of nuclear energy as a clean and reliable power source. I believe this balanced approach can pave the way for broader acceptance and a more sustainable energy future.
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